The primary OT word for life signifies active existence, the idea of movement being prominent (e.g., Genesis 7:21). Two terms for life are used in the NT. Bios is used for life as a present earthly existence, focusing on its manner or possessions (e.g., Luke 8:14), while zoe signifies the state of vitality. This latter term is used for the spiritual eternal life enjoyed in fellowship with God (e.g., John 3:16). Life in Scripture, whether physical or spiritual, is more than an abstract energizing force. It is the actual exercising of God-given capacities in accordance with their created design. The dying process, on the other hand, restricts functioning and robs health and vitality. Since the human person includes both of these physical and spiritual aspects, true human life includes both dimensions of life that are found only in relation to God. Sin effected death both physically and spiritually (cf. Genesis 2:17), necessitating a renewal of life through coming back to God in faith. This process begins with newness of spiritual life presently through faith in Christ, but will ultimately include a greater fullness of spiritual life and newness of bodily life through the resurrection (See also DEATH, REGENERATION, RESURRECTION).

This topic is from the Lockman Foundation.