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COVENANT(S)

A covenant is a solemn agreement between two or more persons or groups to fulfill certain stated obligations toward each other (e.g., Exodus 19:5-6). Most important are the two types of biblical covenants between God and man. (1) Unilateral covenants such as the Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 12:1-3; Galatians 3:15-18; Hebrews 6:13-18) and the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-34; Matthew 26:26-28; Hebrews 8:6-13) depend only upon the faithfulness of God for their ultimate fulfillment. While these covenants are unconditional and eternal in their continuance (Psalms 105:8-10; Hebrews 13:20), obedient faith is required for personal experience of the blessings of these covenants (Genesis 12:1-3; 2 Samuel 7:14-15; 1 Kings 11:9-13; John 3:36; Acts 16:31; Romans 3:22-26; Hebrews 10:19-22, 26-29; 11:8). (2) Mutual covenants such as the Mosaic or Old Covenant (Exodus 19:5-6; Jeremiah 31:32; 2 Corinthians 3:6-17; Colossians 2:14; Galatians 3:15-19; 4:21-31; Hebrews 7:1-10:18) require both parties to fulfill certain conditions for the continuance of the covenant.

of God with men:

♦ with Noah and creatures of the earth:

• Genesis 6:18; 8:21-22; 9:8-17

♦ with Abraham:

♦ continued through Isaac:

• Genesis 17:19, 21; 26:3-5, 24; Exodus 2:24; 6:3-4; 1 Chronicles 16:15-16; Psalms 105:9; Romans 9:7-9

♦ continued through Jacob:

• Genesis 28:13-15; 32:12; 35:9-12; Exodus 2:24; 6:3-4; 1 Chronicles 16:15-17; Psalms 105:9-10; Micah 7:20; Romans 10:10-13

♦ to Israel:

• Exodus 6:4-8; Leviticus 26:44-45; Judges 2:1; 1 Chronicles 16:15-17; Nehemiah 9:8; Psalms 105:8-10; Ezekiel 16:8, 60; Luke 1:72-75; Ephesians 2:12; Romans 9:4; 15:8

♦ against Amalek:

• Exodus 17:14-16

with Israel through the Mosaic Covenant

♦ general references

• Exodus 19:5-6; 24:1-18; 34:10-35; Leviticus 26:1-46; Deuteronomy 4:13, 23; 5:1-33, especially v. 2; 9:9-11; 29:25; 1 Kings 8:9; 2 Kings 17:35, 38; 2 Chronicles 5:10; 6:11; Isaiah 24:5; 33:8; 56:4-6; Jeremiah 11:1-10; 14:21; 22:9; 31:32; Ezekiel 16:59, 61; 44:7; Hosea 6:7; 8:1; Malachi 2:10; John 1:17; Acts 13:39; Romans 3:19; 6:14; 7:7; 9:4; 10:4; 2 Corinthians 3:7, 9-11, 13-15; Galatians 3:2-4:31; 5:18; Colossians 2:14; 1 Timothy 1:7-10; Hebrews 8:7-9, 13; 9:15, 20; 10:9

♦ book of

• Exodus 24:7; 2 Kings 23:2, 21; 2 Chronicles 34:30; Zechariah 9:11; Hebrews 9:19-20

♦ blood of

• Exodus 24:8; 2 Kings 23:2

♦ sabbath law of

• Exodus 31:16

♦ tabernacle service of

• Leviticus 24:8

♦ ark of

• Numbers 10:33; 14:44; Deuteronomy 10:8; 31:9, 25-26; Joshua 3:17; 1 Samuel 4:4; 1 Kings 3:15; 1 Chronicles 28:2; Jeremiah 3:16; Hebrews 9:4; Revelation 11:19

♦ tablets of

• Deuteronomy 9:9, 11; Hebrews 9:4

♦ words of

• Jeremiah 11:2

♦ for the priesthood and Levites

• Nehemiah 13:29; Malachi 2:4-5, 8 (cf. Deuteronomy 33:9)

♦ with Phinehas

• Numbers 25:10-13

♦ with Israel for their future conversion and restoration to their land

• Deuteronomy 29:1-30:10; Ezekiel 37:25

♦ with David

for Israel

♦ with all creation and other nations

• Hosea 2:18 (cf. Ezekiel 34:25)

♦ with the other peoples

• Zechariah 11:10

♦ signs of

• Genesis 9:12-17; 17:9-21 (cf. Acts 7:8); Exodus 31:12-17; Leviticus 2:13; Numbers 18:19; 2 Chronicles 13:5

♦ confirmation of

• Genesis 15:7-21; 22:16; 26:3; 50:24; Numbers 32:11; Deuteronomy 8:18; Psalms 89:33-35; 105:9-10; Luke 1:73; Romans 15:8; Hebrews 6:13-18

♦ of men with God

• 2 Kings 11:17; 23:3; 2 Chronicles 15:12-15; 29:10; 34:31-32; Ezra 10:3; Nehemiah 9:38-10:39; Psalms 50:5; Ezekiel 16:61

between men:

♦ Abraham and Abimelech:

• Genesis 21:22-32

♦ Isaac and Abimelech:

• Genesis 26:26-31

♦ Jacob and Laban:

• Genesis 31:43-54

♦ Israel and the Gibeonites:

• Joshua 9:11-16, 18-21 (cf. Judges 2:2; 2 Samuel 21:2)

♦ Joshua and Israel:

• Joshua 24:25

♦ the men of Jabesh-Gilead and Nahash the Ammonite:

• 1 Samuel 11:1-5

♦ David and Jonathan:

• 1 Samuel 18:3-4; 20:8, 16, 42; 23:18; 2 Samuel 21:7

♦ Abner and David:

• 2 Samuel 3:12-13, 21

♦ the elders of Israel and David:

• 2 Samuel 5:3

♦ Solomon and Hiram:

• 1 Kings 5:12; Amos 1:9

♦ Ahab and Ben-hadad:

• 1 Kings 20:34

♦ Jehoiada and King Joash (including his subjects):

• 2 Kings 11:4, 17; 2 Chronicles 23:1-3, 16

♦ husband and wife:

• Proverbs 2:17; Malachi 2:14

♦ Zedekiah and the Jerusalemites:

• Jeremiah 34:8-21

♦ Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah:

• Ezekiel 17:14-21

♦ the prince who is to come and many people:

• Daniel 9:26-27

♦ Ephraim and Assyria:

♦ in general:

• Galatians 3:15

♦ of men with things

• Job 31:1; 41:1-4; Isaiah 28:15, 18

♦ with ungodly prohibited

• Exodus 23:32; Deuteronomy 7:2

♦ God's faithfulness to

♦ man's failure toward

♦ results of obedience to

• Psalms 25:10, 14; 44:17; Isaiah 56:4-8

♦ evil use of

• Psalms 83:5; Hosea 10:4

♦ the prince of the covenant (i.e., Israel's high priest)

• Daniel 11:22

♦ the holy covenant

• Daniel 11:28, 30, 32

♦ covenant as a testament or will

• Hebrews 9:16-17

This topic is from the Lockman Foundation.

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