In the OT the term shepherd is derived from the Hebrew verb meaning "to feed" or "to pasture." The NT Greek term translated "shepherd" simply means "one who feeds and cares for the flock." In the biblical period and in antiquity in general, shepherding was a common occupation. Because of the dryness of the ground in Palestine, the flocks had to move about for food. This, coupled with the danger of wild beasts and robbers, made shepherding a lowly but independent and responsible job. The nature of the task involving provision, guarding, and caring for the weak of the flock contributed to the figurative use of "shepherd" for rulers of the people in the ancient Near East. In Scripture this figurative use is applied to God, with two primary notions: (1) His unlimited sovereignty over His people viewed as His flock; and (2) His comprehensive loving care for them. Because the leaders of God's people led for Him, the shepherding metaphor was also applied to them. Interestingly, the title was never applied to a reigning king, although the metaphor was used for his function. However, it is applied to the Messiah. (See also CHURCH, leadership of).

This topic is from the Lockman Foundation.